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I mean it in Gramsci’s terms. For the second question I would say the ones cited by OP are good examples but horizontal organization is my preferred one, look about EZLN ways of horizontal democracy. Again not saying they are the correct or morally good ones either.

Elections≠Democracy. Again, you are expecting liberal west (or hegemonic) “democracy”. I am not making a moral judgement of either, just trying to explain that the definition of democracy that has been shoved to the people’s brain of the global north (hegemony) is not the only or the correct one.

Cause you expect the west hegemonic definition of democratic.